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Back to the lesson libraryMECHANISM · 15 MIN
M31.1 CONNECT THE MECHANISM

Ask what would change if an action changed the world

Treatment A beat treatment B for small kidney stones and for large ones, yet lost overall. Untangle the paradox with one drawing and one weighted average.

LESSON OVERVIEW15 min lesson

Lesson overview

Treatment A beat treatment B for small kidney stones and for large ones, yet lost overall. Untangle the paradox with one drawing and one weighted average.

What you’ll explore

  • Tell seeing from doing, draw a causal graph of your assumptions, adjust for confounders with the backdoor formula, and avoid adjusting for mediators and colliders.
GO TO THE SOURCE

Original explanations, connected to the research.

Comparison of treatment of renal calculi by open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (Charig et al., BMJ, 1986)Confounding and Simpson's paradox (Julious & Mullee, BMJ, 1994)Causal inference in statistics: An overview (Pearl, 2009)Causal Inference: What If (Hernán & Robins)
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